Bone, Wood & Wind: The possible role of Maltese Traditional Instruments in Neo-Pagan Ritual Practice.

Keith Muscat in collaboration with Malta Pagana.

In neo-pagan rituals or ceremonies, musical instruments are frequently used to enhance the experience, connect with the divine, and facilitate altered states of consciousness. Instruments like drums, rattles, flutes, and singing bowls are common, each carrying symbolic meaning and contributing to the overall ritual atmosphere.  The aim of this short article is to explore the possible use of Maltese traditional instruments during neo-pagan ritual.

With traditional musical instruments I am alluding to those musical devices that have been passed down through generations, within a specific culture and are often associated with folk music, rituals, or cultural celebrations. These instruments are typically made using traditional methods and materials, and they often play a significant role in defining the unique sound of a culture's music.  In Malta we have several such instruments like the horn (il-qarn or il-qrajna), whistles (bedbut), mirliton (żummara), folk flute (flejguta), tambourine (tanbur), bagpipe (żaqq), fraction drum (żafżafa) and conch shell (bronja).  There are more but not all kinds of instruments might fit in well with what we have in mind.  One might think of the traditional guitar, used in folk music.  It may fit during certain instances but not in others.

Most of the instruments utilised during ritual are of the percussion type.  So the tanbur and żafżafa will fit in perfectly for a drumming session.  The Maltese tanbur is basically a frame drum.  Other instruments that intrigue me are the qarn and flejguta, due to their association with the male deity.  The horn symbolizes power and reed instruments were preferred by gods such as Pan. 

I would consider the use of the bronja during ceremonies such as the Winter or Summer Solstices, to salute the rising or seting sun.  Imagine that sound echoing through the garigue, as you stand upon a hilltop or a cliff, watching sunrise or sunset on such a special day. 

These are just a few ideas about how traditional muscial instruments can be utilised for modern neo-pagan rituals.  Blurring the lines between the old and the new.  There are no limits to what one can use.  Imagintion has no confines.  It’s just about making good use of our traditions during our time of worship. 

This article is being presented in conjunction with Malta Pagana – The Ritual – Festival of Spirit on the land of Ancestors.   The fist edition will be held on 25 and 26 October. 

Launched in 2025, this festival aims to bring neo-pagans and interested parties together, in Malta, for two days of blending ancient traditions with contemporary creativity.  The festival invites participants to explore the rich heritage of pre-Christian, folkloric, and earth-based spiritual practices through workshops, music, art, and ritual.

With a strong focus on ecological awareness, personal empowerment, and community connection, Malta Pagana is more than just a festival—it's a sacred gathering that honours the cycles of nature, the power of myth, and the enduring beauty of cultural roots. Whether you're a seasoned pagan, a curious traveller, or a lover of history and nature, Malta Pagana offers an unforgettable journey into the heart of Malta’s ancestral soul.  A Celebration of Ancient Rhythms through Modern Spirit.  Follow our Facebook page and keep yourself updated.  Facebook.com/people/Malta-Pagana.