Manwel Cilia, born Emmanuele Cilia on May 24, 1889, in Ħaż-Żebbuġ, Malta, is celebrated as a prominent figure in Maltese folk music, specifically in the traditional genre known as għana. Known locally as "Ta' Żabetta," a nickname derived from his mother Elizabetta, Manwel lived at 29 St. Anthony Street. His voice, recognized for its melodious clarity and ease of comprehension, became an iconic representation of Maltese folk tradition during the early 20th century. His music is still revered today, not only for its beauty but also for its historical significance, offering a glimpse into Maltese culture and society during his lifetime.
Beyond his music, Cilia worked professionally as a nurse, often collaborating with British military medical staff stationed at Fort St. Elmo in Valletta, Malta. His tall stature, thick white hair, and neatly maintained appearance left a memorable impression on those who knew him. Cilia married Anna Calleja, with whom he had one daughter, Maria Carmela, affectionately known as Marianne.
Career and Influence in Maltese Folk Singing
Cilia’s influence on Maltese folk music extended beyond his time. His voice, characterized by both sweetness and clarity, resonated with listeners across the Maltese Islands, establishing him as one of the most respected folk singers of his generation. His influence later inspired notable singers, including Frans Baldacchino "il-Budaj," and Mikiel Abela "Il-Bambinu," both of whom sought to emulate Cilia’s distinctive melodic style.
Traditional Maltese folk singing, or għana, has deep roots in the culture, dating back at least to the late 18th century. Renowned ethnographer Ġuze Cassar Pullicino documented the first record of għana in 1792, during the waning years of the Knights’ rule in Malta. Without modern entertainment or radio, traditional singing was a mainstay of social gatherings, allowing performers to express emotions, celebrate life events, or lament personal losses. It became a unifying force within communities, with each village incorporating its own distinct dialect and idiomatic style into its music.
Cilia’s repertoire included popular songs such as Il-Mara u Ix-Xitan, L-Istorja ta' Arturo u Marija , X'aħna Sbieħ Min Jaf Jarana, and Xalata għal San Pawl. Many of these were recorded in the early 1930s, preserving a unique soundscape of Maltese folk music.
The Preservation of Cilia’s Legacy
In 2018, 50 years after Cilia’s passing, his legacy was formally honored with the release of The Complete Studio Recordings (1931-32) by Filfla Records. This compilation, featuring a selection of songs recorded at the HMV studios in Milan, was part of a collaborative effort with the Friends of the National Archives of Malta, aiming to preserve and promote the historical and cultural significance of Cilia’s music. Produced and curated by Andrew Alamango, the album featured a painstaking restoration of Cilia’s original recordings, transferring them from vinyl to digital format to ensure their accessibility to future generations.
This reissue of 38 tracks includes popular pieces like X'aħna Sbieħ Min Jaf Jarana and Xalata għal San Pawl, which were originally broadcast on Malta’s Rediffusion service and were fondly remembered by those who grew up listening to them. In a time when traditional Maltese music was overshadowed by international genres, this release reignited appreciation for the distinct cultural value of għana. The album was issued in multiple formats, including a 12” vinyl LP, a double CD, and downloadable digital tracks.
A Lasting Impact on Maltese Culture
Cilia’s contribution to Maltese culture remains invaluable. His music continues to inspire efforts within Maltese society to preserve the unique art form of għana. Civil organizations and cultural institutions frequently host gatherings and events dedicated to traditional folk singing, honouring the contributions of artists like Manwel Cilia. In the face of evolving musical tastes, the enthusiasm for Cilia’s work underscores the enduring legacy of Maltese folk music.
Cilia’s work has been enshrined not only in recordings but also in the collective memory of Maltese people, ensuring that this unique tradition will be passed down to future generations.
Bibliography
Filfla Records. (2018). Emmanuele Cilia: The Complete Studio Recordings (1931-32). Malta: Filfla Records.
San Filep Band Club. (2018). Commemorating L-Għannej Manwel Cilia. Żebbuġ, Malta.
University of Malta. (2018). The Role of Għana in Maltese Folklore. Malta: University of Malta Press.
Maltashellac78rpm. (2018). "Emmanuele Cilia - The Complete Studio Recordings." Retrieved from https://maltashellac78rpm.wordpress.com/
GuideMeMalta. (2018). "Launch of Emmanuele Cilia’s Complete Recordings at D’Amato Records." Retrieved from https://www.guidememalta.com/
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